How to Create and Use Layer Masks in Photoshop

Layer masks are an invaluable tool in Photoshop. They offer non-destructive editing, allowing you to refine selections and control the visibility of specific areas within an image without permanently altering the original pixel data. In this tutorial we’ll show you the best way to use them to achieve high-quality results consistently.

Create a Layer Mask

1. Begin by selecting the subject within your image. Use the “Select Subject” tool or manually create a selection using tools like Pen tool (Keyboard shortcut “P”).
2. Once the subject is selected, load the selection into a layer mask by clicking on the layer mask icon at the bottom of the layers panel (or by going to Layer > Layer Mask > Reveal Selection).

Refine the Mask

3. Double-click the layer mask thumbnail to open the “Select and Mask” dialog box.
4. Adjust settings like Feather, Smooth, and Contrast to refine the edges of the mask for a more natural look.
5. Utilize the Refine Edge Brush to fine-tune the mask around complex areas like hair or fur.
6. Adjust the overall position of the mask by using the “Shift Edge” slider.

Manipulate the Mask

7. Use the Brush tool to paint with black (to hide areas) or white (to reveal areas) directly on the layer mask.
8. Press “X” to quickly switch between black and white for painting on the mask. Remember you can adjust the mask’s density and feathering using the properties panel.

Copy and Link Masks

If you want to apply the masking effects from one layer to another, copy the layer mask by holding Alt/Option (Mac) or Alt (Windows) and dragging it to the desired layer. To maintain the connection between the layer and its mask, click the chain icon between them. This linked state ensures that the layer moves with its mask.

Group Masks

To apply a single mask to multiple layers, select the desired layers and group them together by pressing Ctrl/Cmd + G. Once grouped, apply a layer mask to the group. This powerful technique allows you to easily mask and control the visibility of all layers within the group simultaneously, streamlining your workflow and simplifying complex masking operations.

Additional Tips

For precise and scalable masks, try using vector shapes. You can also apply adjustments like brightness and contrast to specific parts of your image using layer masks. This lets you fine-tune your image while keeping your original edits safe.